Auto-Stack is the Group’s Autonomous Driving Software (ADS) and has been developed solely in-house. Auto-Stack is a highly complex set of software modules which control the core vehicle driving functions such as steering, braking, drive power, multiple sensor integration, safety, location mapping, localisation to the map and then route and navigation guidance. The software stack also interfaces to the outside world and handles all the communications gateways, cyber security resilience and all vehicle safety systems.